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Median. Finding the median in sets of data with an odd and even number of values. The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value.
In probability theory, the law of large numbers ( LLN) is a mathematical theorem that states that the average of the results obtained from a large number of independent random samples converges to the true value, if it exists. [1] More formally, the LLN states that given a sample of independent and identically distributed values, the sample ...
Bias (statistics) Statistical bias, in the mathematical field of statistics, is a systematic tendency in which the methods used to gather data and generate statistics present an inaccurate, skewed or biased depiction of reality. Statistical bias exists in numerous stages of the data collection and analysis process, including: the source of the ...
The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it.
The arithmetic mean (or simply mean or average) of a list of numbers, is the sum of all of the numbers divided by the number of numbers. Similarly, the mean of a sample , usually denoted by , is the sum of the sampled values divided by the number of items in the sample. For example, the arithmetic mean of five values: 4, 36, 45, 50, 75 is:
Chemometrics. Chemometrics is the science of extracting information from chemical systems by data-driven means. Chemometrics is inherently interdisciplinary, using methods frequently employed in core data-analytic disciplines such as multivariate statistics, applied mathematics, and computer science, in order to address problems in chemistry ...
AP Chemistry is a course geared toward students with interests in chemical biologies, as well as any of the biological sciences. The course aims to prepare students to take the AP Chemistry exam toward the end of the academic year. AP Chemistry covers most introductory general chemistry topics (excluding organic chemistry ), including: Reactions.
There are a variety of functions that are used to calculate statistics. Some include: Sample mean, sample median, and sample mode; Sample variance and sample standard deviation; Sample quantiles besides the median, e.g., quartiles and percentiles; Test statistics, such as t-statistic, chi-squared statistic, f statistic