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No guidance is provided about conversion of dates before March 5, -500, or after February 29, 2100 (both being Julian dates). For unlisted dates, find the date in the table closest to, but earlier than, the date to be converted. Be sure to use the correct column. If converting from Julian to Gregorian, add the
The Julian date (JD) of any instant is the Julian day number plus the fraction of a day since the preceding noon in Universal Time. Julian dates are expressed as a Julian day number with a decimal fraction added. [8] For example, the Julian Date for 00:30:00.0 UT January 1, 2013, is 2 456 293.520 833. [9]
The number of days between two dates, which is simply the difference in their Julian day numbers. The dates of moveable holidays, like Christian Easter (the calculation is known as Computus) followed up by Ascension Thursday and Pentecost or Advent Sundays, or the Jewish Passover, for a given year. Converting a date between different calendars.
The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts of Oriental Orthodoxy as well as by the Amazigh people (also known as the Berbers).
In contrast, the Julian year is defined in terms of the SI unit one second, so is as accurate as that unit and is constant. It approximates both the sidereal year and the tropical year to about ±0.008 days. The Julian year is the basis of the definition of the light-year as a unit of measurement of distance. [2]
The Gregorian calendar was implemented in Russia on 14 February 1918 by dropping the Julian dates of 1–13 February 1918, [h] pursuant to a Sovnarkom decree signed 24 January 1918 (Julian) by Vladimir Lenin. The decree required that the Julian date was to be written in parentheses after the Gregorian date, until 1 July 1918. [19]
The year (required) must be astronomical (year=1 in 1 AD (Anno Domini), year=0 in 1 BC, year=-1 in 2 BC). The month (optional, default value 1) is expressed between 1 et 12 from January to December (but offsets are possible for computing other years).
The year and month are first converted into a number of months, then rounded to the nearest integer to compute the actual year and month used for computing dates. The day (optional, default value 1) is normally between 1 and 31 (but offsets are possible for computing other months).