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The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) recommends that pregnant women have routine obstetric ultrasounds between 18 weeks' and 22 weeks' gestational age (the anatomy scan) in order to confirm pregnancy dating, to measure the fetus so that growth abnormalities can be recognized quickly later in pregnancy ...
Titin [5] / ˈ t aɪ t ɪ n / (contraction for Titan protein) (also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, [ 8 ] functions as a molecular spring that is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle .
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia; Adrenal hematoma; Agenesis of the corpus callosum; Amniotic band syndrome ...
At early presentation of pregnancy at around 6 weeks, early dating ultrasound scan may be offered to help confirm the gestational age of the embryo and check for a single or twin pregnancy, but such a scan is unable to detect common abnormalities. Details of prenatal screening and testing options may be provided.
The ability of this scan to detect structural fetal abnormalities depends on a variety of factors. These factors include the severity of the anomaly, the background risk of the study population, gestational age at time of scan, the expertise of the ultrasound technician and interpreting obstetrician , and maternal obesity .
The pregnancy loss rate in pregnancies with confined placental mosaicism, diagnosed by chorionic villus sampling, is higher than among pregnancies without placental mosaicism. It may be that sometimes the presence of significant numbers of abnormal cells in the placenta interferes with proper placental function.
Congenital disorders such as a neural tube deformity can be prevented by 72% if the mother consumes 4 mg of folic acid before the conception and after twelve weeks of pregnancy. [70] Folic acid, or vitamin B 9 , aids the development of the foetal nervous system.
Toxic substances that are capable of causing structural congenital abnormalities can be termed teratogens. [4] They are agents extrinsic to embryo or fetus which exert deleterious effects leading to increased risk of malformation, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, altered function, deficient growth or pregnancy wastage. [5]
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