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  2. Doctrine of marshalling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_marshalling

    Marshalling is an equitable doctrine applied in the context of lending. It was described by Lord Hoffmann as: [A] principle for doing equity between two or more creditors, each of whom are owed debts by the same debtor, but one of whom can enforce his claim against more than one security or fund and the other can resort to only one.

  3. Marshall v. Holmes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_v._Holmes

    Marshall v. Holmes, 141 U.S. 589, is an 1891 decision of the United States Supreme Court on equitable relief, res judicata and fraud on the court in diversity jurisdiction. . Justice John Marshall Harlan wrote for a unanimous Court that held it unconscionable to allow a state court's decision to stand that had been based on documents later exposed as forge

  4. Quasi-rent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-rent

    Alfred Marshall was the first to observe quasi-rents. Quasi-rent differs from pure economic rent in that it is a temporary phenomenon. It can arise from the barriers to entry that potential competitors face in the short run, such as the granting of patents or other legal protections for intellectual property by governments.

  5. Originalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Originalism

    Originalism consists of a family of different theories of constitutional interpretation and can refer to original intent or original meaning. [2] Critics of originalism often turn to the competing concept of the Living Constitution , which asserts that a constitution should evolve and be interpreted based on the context of current times.

  6. Separate but equal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_but_equal

    Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law, according to which racial segregation did not necessarily violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which nominally guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all people. Under the doctrine, as long as the facilities provided to each race ...

  7. Separation of powers under the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under...

    Marshall wrote that "a general provision may be made, and power is given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details." Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional.

  8. Explainer-What is Russia's nuclear doctrine and how ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/explainer-russias-nuclear...

    By Mark Trevelyan. LONDON (Reuters) - Russia says it will make changes to the doctrine that sets out the circumstances in which it might use nuclear weapons.

  9. Original intent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_intent

    Original intent is a theory in law concerning constitutional and statutory interpretation. It is frequently used as a synonym for originalism; while original intent is one theory in the originalist family, it has some salient differences which has led originalists from more predominant schools of thought such as original meaning to distinguish original intent as much as legal realists do.