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initialism = an abbreviation pronounced wholly or partly using the names of its constituent letters, e.g., CD = compact disc, pronounced cee dee; pseudo-blend = an abbreviation whose extra or omitted letters mean that it cannot stand as a true acronym, initialism, or portmanteau (a word formed by combining two or more words).
An acronym is sometimes considered to be an initialism that is pronounced as a word (e.g. NATO), as distinct from an initialism pronounced as a string of individual letters (e.g. "UN" for United Nations). In this document the term acronym includes initialisms. The term word acronym can be used to refer to acronyms which are not initialisms.
This list of style guide abbreviations provides the meanings of the abbreviations that are commonly used as short ways to refer to major style guides. They are used especially by editors communicating with other editors in manuscript queries, proof queries, marginalia , emails, message boards , and so on.
Acronym#Representing_plurals_and_possessives has some brief reference to this, but no real explanation. Wiktionary [3] reminded me of pianissimo , and more softness is indicated with more 'p's, e.g. ppp ~ pianississimo .
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning "short" [1]) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym) or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing period. For example: etc. is the usual abbreviation for et cetera.
A macronym, or nested acronym, is an acronym in which one or more letters stand for acronyms (or abbreviations) themselves. The word "macronym" is a portmanteau of "macro-" and "acronym". Some examples of macronyms are: XHR stands for "XML HTTP Request", in which "XML" is "Extensible Markup Language", and HTTP stands for "HyperText Transfer ...
Abbreviation Meaning Use sp: Spelling: Used to indicate misspelling spo: Spell out: Used to indicate that an abbreviation should be spelled out, such as in its first use stet: Let it stand: Indicates that proofreading marks should be ignored and the copy unchanged fl: Flush left: Align text flush with left margin fr: Flush right: Align text ...