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  2. Grager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grager

    Yitzhak Shamir spinning a gragger Knocking out Haman's name from stones 18th century Megillah reading; children with graggers in the back. A grager (Yiddish: גראַגער, 'rattler'), also gragger, grogger or gregger, [1] is a noisemaking device, most commonly a ratchet, used to make noise by the congregation when the name of Haman is read out during the recitation of the Megillah in the ...

  3. List of Sanskrit and Persian roots in Hindi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sanskrit_and...

    The following is an alphabetical (according to Hindi's alphabet) list of Sanskrit and Persian roots, stems, prefixes, and suffixes commonly used in Hindi. अ (a) [ edit ]

  4. Apabhraṃśa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apabhraṃśa

    Apabhraṃśa (Sanskrit: अपभ्रंश, IPA: [ɐpɐbʱrɐ̃ˈɕɐ], Prakrit: अवहंस Avahaṃsa) is a term used by vaiyākaraṇāḥ (native grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to languages spoken in North India before the rise of the modern languages.

  5. Hindustani etymology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_etymology

    Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, is the vernacular form of two standardized registers used as official languages in India and Pakistan, namely Hindi and Urdu.It comprises several closely related dialects in the northern, central and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent but is mainly based on Khariboli of the Delhi region.

  6. Devanagari - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari

    When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]

  7. Ratchet (slang) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_(slang)

    Ratchet is a slang term in American hip hop culture that, in its original sense, [1] was a derogatory term used to refer to an uncouth woman, and may be a Louisianan dialect form of the word "wretched".

  8. Rekhta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekhta

    Zehal-e-Miskin is the first ghazal in Urdu literature, written by Amir Khusrau, through combining the Old Hindi language Braj Bhasha (Hindavi) and Persian. This Persianised combination was later known as Rekhta (the ancestor of Modern Standard Urdu). [12] [13] The poem effectively conveys the agony experienced due to the distance from the ...

  9. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    These are distinct phonemes in English, but both are allophones of the phoneme /ʋ/ in Hindustani (written व in Hindi or و in Urdu), including loanwords of Arabic and Persian origin. More specifically, they are conditional allophones, i.e. rules apply on whether व is pronounced as [v] or [w] depending on context.