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Pergamon or Pergamum (/ ˈ p ɜːr ɡ ə m ə n / or / ˈ p ɜːr ɡ ə m ɒ n /; Ancient Greek: Πέργαμον), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (Πέργαμος), [a] [1] was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Aeolis.
Pergamus (or Pergamos) is also the name of the citadel of Troy in Homer's Iliad. The King James Version of the Bible uses the name "Pergamos" in Revelation 2:12 for the seat of one of the seven churches of Asia, a city that modern translations call Pergamum or Pergamon.
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty ( / ˈ æ t əl ɪ d / ; Greek : Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών , romanized : Dynasteía ton ...
Library of Pergamum before excavation, 1885. Manuscripts were written on parchment, rolled, and then stored on the shelves. In fact, the word "parchment" itself is derived from Pergamum (via the Latin pergamenum and the French parchemin). Pergamum was a thriving center of parchment production during the Hellenistic period. [8]
The reconstructed Pergamon Altar in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. Side view Carl Humann's 1881 plan of the Pergamon acropolis. The Pergamon Altar (Ancient Greek: Βωμός τῆς Περγάμου) was a monumental construction built during the reign of the Ancient Greek King Eumenes II in the first half of the 2nd century BC on one of the terraces of the acropolis of Pergamon in Asia Minor ...
Attalus I (Ancient Greek: Ἄτταλος ' Attalos '), surnamed Soter (Greek: Σωτήρ, ' Savior '; 269–197 BC), [2] was the ruler of the Greek polis of Pergamon (modern-day Bergama, Turkey) and the larger Pergamene Kingdom from 241 BC to 197 BC.
Pergamus or Pergamos (Ancient Greek: Πέργαμος), or Pergamia [1] or Pergamea, [2] was a town of ancient Crete, to which a mythical origin was ascribed.According to Virgil, it was founded by Aeneas (see Pergamea), [2] according to Velleius Paterculus by Agamemnon, [3] and according to Servius by the Trojan prisoners belonging to the fleet of Agamemnon. [4]
The Battle of the Caecus River or Battle of the Kaikos was a battle between an army of the Kingdom of Pergamon commanded by Attalus I, and the Galatian tribes who resided in Anatolia (Asia Minor). The battle took place near the source of the Caecus River ( Ancient Greek : Κάϊκος , romanized : Káïkos ) and resulted in a victory for the ...