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A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider ). [ 1 ]
The best-known bridge circuit, the Wheatstone bridge, was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie and popularized by Charles Wheatstone, and is used for measuring resistance. It is constructed from four resistors, two of known values R 1 and R 3 (see diagram), one whose resistance is to be determined R x , and one which is variable and calibrated R 2 .
The post office box was a Wheatstone bridge–style testing device with pegs and spring arms to close electrical circuits and measure properties of the circuit under test. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Resistance measurement
A standard Wheatstone bridge for comparison. Points A, B, C and D in both circuit diagrams correspond. X and Y correspond to R 1 and R 2, P and Q correspond to R 3 and R X. Note that with the Carey Foster bridge, we are measuring R 1 rather than R X. Let ℓ 1 be the null point D on the bridge wire EF in percent. α is the unknown left-side ...
Bridge topology is an important topology with many uses in both linear and non-linear applications, including, amongst many others, the bridge rectifier, the Wheatstone bridge and the lattice phase equaliser. Bridge topology is rendered in circuit diagrams in several ways.
A Maxwell-Wien bridge. A Maxwell bridge is a modification to a Wheatstone bridge used to measure an unknown inductance (usually of low Q value) in terms of calibrated resistance and inductance or resistance and capacitance. [1] When the calibrated components are a parallel resistor and capacitor, the bridge is known as a Maxwell bridge.
The Wien bridge does not require equal values of R or C. At some frequency, the reactance of the series R 2 –C 2 arm will be an exact multiple of the shunt R x –C x arm. If the two R 3 and R 4 arms are adjusted to the same ratio, then the bridge is balanced. The bridge is balanced when: [4]
The operation of the Kelvin bridge is very similar to the Wheatstone bridge, but uses two additional resistors. Resistors R 1 and R 2 are connected to the outside potential terminals of the four terminal known or standard resistor R s and the unknown resistor R x (identified as P 1 and P′ 1 in the diagram).