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On a balance sheet, assets will typically be classified into current assets and long-term fixed assets. [2] The current ratio is calculated by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. [3] It is frequently used as an indicator of a company's accounting liquidity, which is its ability to meet short-term obligations. [4] The ...
Liquidity ratios measure the availability of cash to pay debt. [3] Efficiency (activity) ratios measure how quickly a firm converts non-cash assets to cash assets. [4] Debt ratios measure the firm's ability to repay long-term debt. [5] Market ratios measure investor response to owning a company's stock and also the cost of issuing stock. [6]
A ratio's values may be distorted as account balances change from the beginning to the end of an accounting period. Use average values for such accounts whenever possible. Financial ratios are no more objective than the accounting methods employed. Changes in accounting policies or choices can yield drastically different ratio values. [6]
The total-debt-to-total-assets ratio is one of many financial metrics used to measure a company’s performance. In this case, the ratio shows how much of a company’s operations are funded by debt.
A very common leverage ratio used for financial statement analysis is the debt-to-equity ratio. This ratio shows the extent to which management is willing to use debt in order to fund operations. This ratio is calculated as: (Long-term debt + Short-term debt + Leases)/ Equity. [7]
The difference between the assets and the liabilities is known as equity or the net assets or the net worth or capital of the company and according to the accounting equation, net worth must equal assets minus liabilities. [4] Another way to look at the balance sheet equation is that total assets equals liabilities plus owner's equity.
The classification of liabilities also plays a role in determining financial ratios, such as the current ratio—calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities. A higher current ratio indicates that the business has sufficient current assets to cover its obligations over the coming year, suggesting stronger liquidity. [1]
Short-term investments – include securities bought and held for sale in the near future to generate income on short-term price differences (trading securities) Receivables – usually reported as net of allowance for non-collectable accounts. Inventory – trading these assets is a normal business of a company.