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Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Glucose is naturally occurring and is found in its free state in fruits and other parts of plants.
Polysaccharide. 3D structure of cellulose, a beta-glucan polysaccharide. Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose mainly linked with α (1→4) bonds. It can be made of several thousands of glucose units. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylopectin. Polysaccharides (/ ˌpɒliˈsækəraɪd /), or polycarbohydrates, are ...
5) n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β (1→4) linked D -glucose units. [3][4] Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. [5]
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) [1] is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. [2] Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates ...
Alpha cells occur in pancreatic islets, mixed with beta and other cells. While beta cells respond to rising glucose levels by secreting insulin, alpha cells respond by reducing glucagon secretion. When blood glucose concentration falls to hypoglycemic levels, alpha cells release glucagon. Glucagon is a protein hormone that blocks the effect of ...
Maltose (/ ˈmɔːltoʊs / [2] or / ˈmɔːltoʊz / [3]), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α (1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α (1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key ...
A higher glucose concentration results in more Hb A 1c. Because the reaction is slow, the Hb A 1c proportion represents glucose level in blood averaged over the half-life of red blood cells, is typically ~120 days. An Hb A 1c proportion of 6.0% or less show good long-term glucose control, while values above 7.0% are elevated. This test is ...
The monomeric protein contains a central domain in which eight parallel beta-strands are surrounded by eight parallel alpha strands. Notable within this structure is a groove 26 angstroms long and 9 angstroms wide, containing aromatic residues that are thought to stabilize a four-glucose branch before cleavage. [6]