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  2. Congruent number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruent_number

    In number theory, a congruent number is a positive integer that is the area of a right triangle with three rational number sides. [1][2] A more general definition includes all positive rational numbers with this property. [3] The sequence of (integer) congruent numbers starts with. For example, 5 is a congruent number because it is the area of ...

  3. Congruence (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_(geometry)

    Congruence (geometry) Relationship between two figures of the same shape and size, or mirroring each other. The two triangles on the left are congruent. The third is similar to them. The last triangle is neither congruent nor similar to any of the others. Congruence permits alteration of some properties, such as location and orientation, but ...

  4. Congruum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruum

    A congruent number is defined as the area of a right triangle with rational sides. Because every congruum can be obtained (using the parameterized solution) as the area of a Pythagorean triangle, it follows that every congruum is congruent. Conversely, every congruent number is a congruum multiplied by the square of a rational number. [7]

  5. Euclidean geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry

    Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements. Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had ...

  6. Congruence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_relation

    Congruence relation. In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense that algebraic operations done with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements. [1]

  7. Isometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometry

    Translation T is a direct isometry: a rigid motion. [1] In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance -preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. [a] The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning ...

  8. Pythagorean theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

    Interior angle Δθ = θ 1 −θ 2. The Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem relating the lengths of sides in any triangle, the law of cosines, which states that where is the angle between sides and . [45] When is radians or 90°, then , and the formula reduces to the usual Pythagorean theorem.

  9. Similarity (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_(geometry)

    Any two pairs of angles are congruent, [4] which in Euclidean geometry implies that all three angles are congruent: [a] If ∠BAC is equal in measure to ∠B'A'C', and ∠ABC is equal in measure to ∠A'B'C', then this implies that ∠ACB is equal in measure to ∠A'C'B' and the triangles are similar. All the corresponding sides are ...

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