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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the polynomial (x + y) n into a sum involving terms of the form ax b y c, where the exponents b and c are nonnegative integers with b + c = n, and the coefficient a of each term is a specific positive integer depending ...
Polynomial expansion. In mathematics, an expansion of a product of sums expresses it as a sum of products by using the fact that multiplication distributes over addition. Expansion of a polynomial expression can be obtained by repeatedly replacing subexpressions that multiply two other subexpressions, at least one of which is an addition, by ...
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
In elementary algebra, FOIL is a mnemonic for the standard method of multiplying two binomials [1] —hence the method may be referred to as the FOIL method. The word FOIL is an acronym for the four terms of the product: The general form is. Note that a is both a "first" term and an "outer" term; b is both a "last" and "inner" term, and so forth.
The binomial approximation is useful for approximately calculating powers of sums of 1 and a small number x. It states that. It is valid when and where and may be real or complex numbers. The benefit of this approximation is that is converted from an exponent to a multiplicative factor. This can greatly simplify mathematical expressions (as in ...
Complex color plot of the Laguerre polynomial L n(x) with n as -1 divided by 9 and x as z to the power of 4 from -2-2i to 2+2i. In mathematics, the Laguerre polynomials, named after Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886), are nontrivial solutions of Laguerre's differential equation: ″ + ′ + =, = which is a second-order linear differential equation.
Trinomial expansion. In mathematics, a trinomial expansion is the expansion of a power of a sum of three terms into monomials. The expansion is given by. where n is a nonnegative integer and the sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative indices i, j, and k such that i + j + k = n. [ 1 ] The trinomial coefficients are given by.
Expanding an inverse distance potential. The Legendre polynomials were first introduced in 1782 by Adrien-Marie Legendre [3] as the coefficients in the expansion of the Newtonian potential where r and r′ are the lengths of the vectors x and x′ respectively and γ is the angle between those two vectors.