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2. Acousto-optic modulator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic_modulator

   An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency). They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control.

3. Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_modulators_using...

   An optical modulator is an optical device which is used to modulate a beam of light with a perturbation device. It is a kind of transmitter to convert information to optical binary signal through optical fiber (optical waveguide) or transmission medium of optical frequency in fiber optic communication.

4. Optical modulator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_modulator

   The refractive modulators are named by the respective effect: i.e. electrooptic modulators, acousto-optic modulators etc. The effect of a refractive modulator of any of the types mentioned above is to change the phase of a light beam. The phase modulation can be converted into amplitude modulation using an interferometer or directional coupler.

5. Acousto-optics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optics

   Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating.

6. Mach–Zehnder interferometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach–Zehnder_interferometer

   Mach–Zehnder interferometers are used in electro-optic modulators, electronic devices used in various fiber-optic communication applications. Mach–Zehnder modulators are incorporated in monolithic integrated circuits and offer well-behaved, high-bandwidth electro-optic amplitude and phase responses over a multiple-gigahertz frequency range.

7. Acousto-optic deflector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic_deflector

   An acousto-optic deflector (AOD) is a device that uses the interaction between sound waves and light waves to deflect or redirect a laser beam. AODs are essentially the same as acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). In both an AOM and an AOD, the amplitude and frequency of different orders are adjusted as light is diffracted.

8. Waveguide (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguide_(optics)

   Owing to their simplicity, slab waveguides are often used as toy models but also find application in on-chip devices like arrayed waveguide gratings and acousto-optic filters and modulators. The slab waveguide consists of three layers of materials with different dielectric constants, extending infinitely in the directions parallel to their ...

9. Acousto-optical spectrometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optical_spectrometer

   An acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) is based on the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. [1] A piezoelectric transducer, driven by the RF signal (from the receiver), generates an acoustic wave in a crystal (the so-called Bragg-cell). This acoustic wave modulates the refractive index and induces a phase grating.