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Hydrates of iron(III) chloride do not readily yield anhydrous ferric chloride. Attempted thermal dehydration yields hydrochloric acid and iron oxychloride. In the laboratory, hydrated iron(III) chloride can be converted to the anhydrous form by treatment with thionyl chloride [17] or trimethylsilyl chloride: [18]
The large-scale production of hydrochloric acid is almost always integrated with the industrial scale production of other chemicals, such as in the chloralkali process which produces hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine, the latter of which can be combined to produce HCl. [31] [32] Hydrogen chloride is produced by combining chlorine and hydrogen:
When metallic iron (oxidation state 0) is placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid, iron(II) chloride is formed, with release of hydrogen gas, by the reaction Fe 0 + 2 H + → Fe 2+ + H 2. Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to iron(III), forming a hydroxyl radical and a hydroxide ion in the process. This is the Fenton reaction.
The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3). The former is one of the most readily available sources of iron(II), but is less stable to aerial oxidation than Mohr's salt ((NH 4) 2 Fe(SO 4) 2 ·6H 2 O). Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III ...
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry.
Iron(II) chloride – FeCl 2; Iron(II) oxalate – FeC 2 O 4; Iron(II) oxide – FeO; Iron(II) selenate – FeSeO 4; Iron(II) sulfate – FeSO 4; Iron(III) chloride – FeCl 3; Iron(III) fluoride – FeF 3; Iron(III) oxalate – C 6 Fe 2 O 12; Iron(III) oxide – Fe 2 O 3; Iron(III) nitrate – Fe(NO 3) 3 (H 2 O) 9; Iron(III) sulfate – Fe 2 ...
Hydrated forms of ferrous chloride are generated by treatment of wastes from steel production with hydrochloric acid. Such solutions are designated "spent acid," or "pickle liquor" especially when the hydrochloric acid is not completely consumed: Fe + 2 HCl → FeCl 2 + H 2. The production of ferric chloride involves the use of ferrous chloride.
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [b] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl ...