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The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.
The First Crusade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812210174. Somerville, Robert, "The Council of Clermont and the First Crusade", Studia Gratiana 20 (1976), 325–337. Somerville, Robert, "The Council of Clermont (1095), and Latin Christian Society", Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 12 (1974): 55–90 JSTOR 23563638
The list of collections of Crusader sources provides those collections of original sources for the Crusades from the 17th century through the 20th century. These include collections, regesta and bibliotheca, and provide valuable insight into the historiography of the Crusades though the identification of the various editions and translations of the sources, as well as commentary on these sources.
The Western sources for the history of the Crusades begin with the original Latin chronicles. Later works on the First Crusade were mostly derived from these and are exemplified by William of Tyre's Historia and its continuations. The later Crusades produced a vast library of first-hand accounts, biographies and chronicles. [10]
The Siege of Jerusalem marked the successful end of the First Crusade, whose objective was the recovery of the city of Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from Islamic control. The five-week siege began on 7 June 1099 and was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of ...
Thomas Asbridge's The First Crusade: A New History (2004) [11] is among the standard references used today. [12] [2] [13] [14] People's Crusade (1096) A prelude to the First Crusade led by Peter the Hermit, the first of what is known as the Popular Crusades. It is sometimes regarded as an integral part of the First Crusade, with the Princes ...
During the 12th and 13th centuries, frequent supportive expeditions were required to maintain territory that had been gained. A cycle developed of military failure, pleas for support and declarations of Crusades from the church. [72] The success of the First Crusade that began the Crusading movement and the century was seen as astonishing.
The war in Europe against the French Empire under Napoleon ensured that the British did not consider the War of 1812 against the United States as more than a sideshow. [283] Britain's blockade of French trade had worked and the Royal Navy was the world's dominant nautical power (and remained so for another century).