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This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning of molecules within the reaction center. This is a solid-state process, not a typical chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline ...
In photosynthesis, state transitions are rearrangements of the photosynthetic apparatus which occur on short time-scales (seconds to minutes). The effect is prominent in cyanobacteria, whereby the phycobilisome light-harvesting antenna complexes alter their preference for transfer of excitation energy between the two reaction centers, PS I and PS II. [1]
Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen , cellulose and starches .
The photosynthetic efficiency (i.e. oxygenic photosynthesis efficiency) is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on ar.wikipedia.org تركيب ضوئي; Usage on as.wikipedia.org সালোক সংশ্লেষণ
Photons trapped by photosystem II move the system from state S 0 to S 1 to S 2 to S 3 and finally to S 4. S 4 reacts with water producing free oxygen: 2 H 2 O → O 2 + 4 H + + 4 e −. This conversion resets the catalyst to the S 0 state. The active site of the OEC consists of a cluster of manganese and calcium with the formula Mn 4 Ca 1 O x ...
By replenishing lost electrons with electrons from the splitting of water, photosystem II provides the electrons for all of photosynthesis to occur. The hydrogen ions (protons) generated by the oxidation of water help to create a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP .
The concept of a transition state has been important in many theories of the rates at which chemical reactions occur. This started with the transition state theory (also referred to as the activated complex theory), developed independently in 1935 by Eyring, Evans and Polanyi, and introduced basic concepts in chemical kinetics that are still used today.
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