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Top surgery involves more than a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. [1] Special techniques are used to contour and reduce the chest wall, position the nipples and areola, and minimize scarring. [1] If the breast size is small, surgery that spares the skin, nipple and areola (subcutaneous nipple-sparing mastectomy) may be performed ...
Phalloplasty (also called penoplasty) [1] is the construction or reconstruction of a penis or the artificial modification of the penis by surgery. The term is also occasionally used to refer to penis enlargement .
A penile implant is an implanted device intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, ischemic priapism, deformity and any traumatic injury of the penis, and for phalloplasty or metoidioplasty, including in gender-affirming surgery. Men also opt for penile implants for aesthetic purposes.
Phalloplasty is the other type of surgery to create a penis, but utilizes skin from other areas of the body besides existing genitals. The most common part of the body used in this surgery is the forearm and has the same outcomes as a metoidioplasty. [ 8 ]
The surgery itself is controversial, and critics refer to the procedures as "designer vagina". [28] [29] [30] In the article Designer Vaginas by Simone Weil Davis, she talks about the modification of woman's vagina and the outside influences women are pressured with, which can cause them to feel shame towards their labia minora. She states that ...
Patients who have undergone a partial penectomy as a result of a penile cancer diagnosis have reported similar sexual outcomes as prior to surgery. [5] Sexual support therapists and specialists are available nationally in the United States and can be accessed through the specialist cancer services. [ 2 ]
In a phalloplasty, a plastic surgeon fabricates a neopenis by autografting tissue from a donor site (such as from the patient's back, arm or leg). A phalloplasty takes about 8–10 hours to complete (the first stage), and is generally followed by multiple (up to three) additional surgical procedures including glansplasty, scrotoplasty ...
“Penile implantation in total phalloplasty”, Gerald Jordan, Gary J. Alter, David Gilbert, Charles Horton; Journal of Urology 152: 410, 1994 “Buried penis as a contraindication for circumcision”, Gary J. Alter, Charles E. Horton, Charles E, Horton Jr.; Journal of the American College of Surgeons 178:487, 1994