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  2. Slip ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_ratio

    Slip ratio is a means of calculating and expressing the slipping behavior of the wheel of an automobile.It is of fundamental importance in the field of vehicle dynamics, as it allows to understand the relationship between the deformation of the tire and the longitudinal forces (i.e. the forces responsible for forward acceleration and braking) acting upon it.

  3. Slip (vehicle dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_(vehicle_dynamics)

    In (automotive) vehicle dynamics, slip is the relative motion between a tire and the road surface it is moving on. This slip can be generated either by the tire's rotational speed being greater or less than the free-rolling speed (usually described as percent slip), or by the tire's plane of rotation being at an angle to its direction of motion (referred to as slip angle).

  4. Torque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque

    For a rotating object, the linear distance covered at the circumference of rotation is the product of the radius with the angle covered. That is: linear distance = radius × angular distance. And by definition, linear distance = linear speed × time = radius × angular speed × time. By the definition of torque: torque = radius × force.

  5. Self aligning torque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_aligning_torque

    Self aligning torque , slip angle , and camber angle are also shown. Self aligning torque ( SAT ), also known as aligning torque or aligning moment ( Mz , moment about the z direction ), is the torque that a tire creates as it rolls along, which tends to steer it, i.e. rotate it around its vertical axis.

  6. Tractive effort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractive_effort

    The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort.These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors: input torque to the driving wheels, the wheel diameter, coefficient of friction (μ) between the driving wheels and supporting surface, and the weight applied to the ...

  7. Cornering force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornering_force

    'Deflected' tread path, sideslip velocity and slip angle Graph of cornering force vs slip angle. Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e., parallel to wheel axis) force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering. [1] Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional to slip angle at low slip angles.

  8. Slip angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_angle

    In vehicle dynamics, slip angle [1] or sideslip angle [2] is the angle between the direction in which a wheel is pointing and the direction in which it is actually traveling (i.e., the angle between the forward velocity vector and the vector sum of wheel forward velocity and lateral velocity , as defined in the image to the right).

  9. Hans B. Pacejka - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_B._Pacejka

    where B, C, D and E represent fitting constants and y is a force or moment resulting from a slip parameter x. The formula may be translated away from the origin of the x–y axes. The Magic Model became the basis for many variants. [9]