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The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage.
Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. [3] He calls it "a theoretical rectification formula giving the maximum rectification", with a footnote referencing a paper by Carl Wagner , Physikalische Zeitschrift 32 , pp ...
Varying the current in the control winding moves the operating point up and down on the saturation curve, controlling the alternating current through the inductor. These are used in variable fluorescent light ballasts, and power control systems. [11] Saturation is also exploited in fluxgate magnetometers and fluxgate compasses.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
For a surface biased strongly negative so that it draws the ion saturation current, the approximation is very good. It is customary, although not strictly necessary, to further simplify the equation by assuming that 2 χ / M 2 {\displaystyle 2\chi /{\mathfrak {M}}^{2}} is much larger than unity.
is the reverse saturation current, the current that flows when the diode is reverse biased (that is, is large and negative). n {\displaystyle n} is an ideality factor introduced to model a slower rate of increase than predicted by the ideal diode law.
The effect of reverse saturation current on the I-V curve of a crystalline silicon solar cell are shown in the figure to the right. Physically, reverse saturation current is a measure of the "leakage" of carriers across the p–n junction in reverse bias.
Photocurrent is the electric current through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power.The photocurrent may occur as a result of the photoelectric, photoemissive, or photovoltaic effect.