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The cause of tetralogy of Fallot is typically not known. [5] Risk factors include a mother who uses alcohol , has diabetes , is over the age of 40, or gets rubella during pregnancy . [ 5 ] : 62 It may also be associated with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects.
The most common cause of right-to-left shunt is the Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by four co-existing heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery)
[3] [12] In about 6 to 19 per 1,000 they cause a moderate to severe degree of problems. [12] Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths: [3] in 2015, they resulted in 303,300 deaths, down from 366,000 deaths in 1990. [13] [14] The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. [4]
The triple test, also called triple screen, the Kettering test or the Bart's test, is an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high-risk or low-risk for chromosomal abnormalities (and neural tube defects). The term "multiple-marker screening test" is sometimes used instead.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Mechanical shifts that cause LAD are expiration or raised diaphragm from pregnancy, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), abdominal tumor, or enlarged liver or spleen. [2] Left axis deviation is a border deviation in athletes , which, if it is combined with another borderline feature such as right bundle branch block, requires further ...
A number of studies have linked red wine consumption with heart health benefits, including reduced LDL (known as “bad”) cholesterol levels, better blood pressure and blood vessel function and ...
A nonstress test (NST) is a screening test used in pregnancy to assess fetal status by means of the fetal heart rate and its responsiveness. A cardiotocograph is used to monitor the fetal heart rate and presence or absence of uterine contractions. The test is typically termed "reactive" (also "reassuring") or "nonreactive" (also "nonreassuring ...