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Location of the pacemaker can also change its effect on the SA node and its rhythm. An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. [10] An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. [11]
These maneuvers involves holding one's breath and bearing down—can be employed to stimulate the vagus nerve and slow the heart rate. [13] However, these techniques may provide only temporary relief, and if palpitations persist or are associated with other concerning symptoms, medical evaluation is essential to determine any underlying causes ...
Future episodes can be prevented by catheter ablation. [3] About 2.3 per 1000 people have paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. [5] Problems typically begin in those 12 to 45 years old. [3] [5] Women are more often affected than men. [3] Outcomes are generally good in those who otherwise have a normal heart. [3]
Reentry can produce single ectopic beats, or it can trigger paroxysmal tachycardia. Triggered beats are considered to be due to after-depolarizations triggered by the preceding action potential. These are often seen in patients with ventricular arrhythmias due to digoxin toxicity and reperfusion therapy after myocardial infarction (MI).
[18] [20] Since its first discovery, there have been many definitions of pacemaker syndrome, and the understanding of the cause of pacemaker syndrome is still under investigation. In a general sense, pacemaker syndrome can be defined as the symptoms associated with right ventricular pacing relieved with the return of A-V and V-V synchrony. [17]
[1] [5] People with TIC may have symptoms associated with heart failure (e.g. shortness of breath or ankle swelling) and/or symptoms related to the tachycardia or arrhythmia (e.g. palpitations). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Though atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of TIC, several tachycardias and arrhythmias have been associated with the disease.
The cause of wandering atrial pacemaker is unclear. Increased tone from the vagus nerve may factor into the rhythm appearing in young, healthy individuals who exercise. The vagus nerve is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system that helps control heart rate and contractility of the heart.
Commotio cordis (Latin, "agitation / disruption of the heart") is a rare disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart (the precordial region) at a critical instant during the cycle of a heartbeat. [1]