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Video in video out (usually seen as the acronym VIVO), commonly pronounced (/ ˈ v i. v oʊ / VEE-voh), is a graphics port which enables some video cards to have bidirectional (input and output) analog video transfer through a mini-DIN connector, usually of the 9-pin variety, and a specialised splitter cable (which can sometimes also transfer analog audio).
Three types of pictures (or frames) are used in video compression: I, P, and B frames. An I‑frame ( intra-coded picture ) is a complete image, like a JPG or BMP image file. A P‑frame (Predicted picture) holds only the changes in the image from a previous frame.
In older designs such as MPEG-1 and H.262/MPEG-2, each B frame can only reference two frames, the one which precedes the B frame in display order and the one which follows, and all referenced pictures must be I or P frames. These constraints do not apply in newer standards H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC. Sometimes, a codec will use unidirectional B ...
ARINC 818 (Avionics Digital Video Bus) is a point-to-point, 8b/10b-encoded (or 64B/66B for higher speeds) serial protocol for transmission of video, audio, and data. The protocol is packetized but is video-centric and very flexible, supporting an array of complex video functions including the multiplexing of multiple video streams on a single link or the transmission of a single stream over a ...
Bidirectional path tracing provides an algorithm that combines the two approaches and can produce lower variance than either method alone. For each sample, two paths are traced independently: one using from the light source and one from the camera.
Bidirectional communication with two unidirectional lines; Point-to-point or multi-slave networks; Maximum user data rate, transmission data depending on driver and line of e.g. RS-422: 10 MHz, 1 km; LVDS: 100 Mbit/s; Independent of the applied physical layer; CRC secured communication (sensor data and control data secured separately) [8]
A unidirectional network (also referred to as a unidirectional gateway or data diode) is a network appliance or device that allows data to travel in only one direction. Data diodes can be found most commonly in high security environments, such as defense, where they serve as connections between two or more networks of differing security ...
Examples include control data distribution for adaptive driving beam headlights, [8] transport of radar and lidar data in autonomous vehicles, and video data transport between domain controllers in a vehicle. For example, surround view camera data can be transported from the ADAS domain controller to the head unit to be displayed to the driver.