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The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the horn in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular.
The first of these types was the Stölzel valve, bearing the name of its inventor Heinrich Stölzel, who first applied these valves to the French horn in 1814. Until that point, there had been no successful valve design, and horn players had to stop off the bell of the instrument, greatly compromising tone quality to achieve a partial chromatic scale.
A musician who plays the French horn, like the players of the German and Vienna horns (confusingly also sometimes called French horns), is called a horn player (or less frequently, a hornist). Three valves control the flow of air in the single horn, which is tuned to F or less commonly B ♭. Although double French horns do exist, they are rare.
Rotary valve for a double horn. In the context of brass instruments, rotary valves are found on horns, trumpets, trombones, flugelhorns, and tubas. The cornet derived from the posthorn, by applying rotary valves to it in the 1820s in France. [3] An alternative to a rotary valve trumpet would be piston valve trumpet. [4]
In contrast to the system in use in tubas and euphoniums, the default 'side' of the horn is the longer F horn, with secondary lengths of tubing coming into play when the first, second or third valves are pressed; pressing the thumb valve takes these secondary valve slides and the extra length of main tubing out of play to produce a shorter B ...
English: Modern french double horn in F/B-flat and Kruspe valve ordering (Besson BE 702), seen from back side, with numbered parts: Mouthpiece; Leadpipe; Adjustable handrest (Ducks foot) Spit Valve; Fourth valve for changing between F and B-flat pitch; Valve levers; Rotary valves; Slides; Long tubing for F pitch with slide; General slide
However, playing a 3rd space C (F-horn, open) and repeating the stopped horn, the pitch will lower a half-step to a B-natural (or 1/2 step above B ♭, the next lower partial). The hand horn technique developed in the classical period, with music pieces requiring the use of covering the bell to various degrees to lower the pitch accordingly.
Rotary valves of a German double horn. German horns have lever-operated rotary valves, The term French horn was another name for this same horn, and the Vienna horn which uses double-piston valves, or pumpenvalves. A horn without valves is known as a natural horn, changing pitch along the natural harmonics of the instrument. Pitch may also be ...
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