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Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [ 7 ] [ 10 ] It is used to treat major depressive disorder , obsessive compulsive disorder , panic disorder , and social phobia . [ 7 ]
MDMA/citalopram is a combination of the entactogen and monoamine releasing agent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; also known as midomafetamine or "ecstasy") and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram which is under development for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Serotonin. A serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) by blocking the action of the serotonin transporter (SERT).
Escitalopram and citalopram are used off-label with acceptable efficacy, while fluoxetine is not considered to be effective for this disorder. [22] The effect sizes ( Cohen's d ) of SSRIs in terms of improvement on the Liebowitz social anxiety scale in individual published trials of the drugs for social anxiety disorder have ranged from –0. ...
Andersen et al. were able to generate a model of the (S)-citalopram binding site in human SERT by combining mutational analysis and comparative modeling where they found out that Asn-177 and Phe-341 where key determinants for (S)-citalopram potency and high affinity inhibition [47] in addition to Tyr-95, Asp-98, Ile-172 and Ser438 previously ...
Evidence of the allosteric action of escitalopram on the serotonin transported is based on the observation that the R isomer of citalopram can decrease the potency and inhibit the effects of the S isomer, probably through an allosteric interaction between two distinct, non-overlapping binding sites for the two different isomers on the serotonin transporter.
Fluvoxamine, escitalopram, and citalopram were not well-tested for this disorder. MAOIs , while some of them may be helpful, are not used much because of their unwanted side effects. This leaves paroxetine and sertraline as acceptable treatment options for some people, although more effective antidepressants are needed.
Its success relies on the ability of the health practitioner to create a good interpersonal relationship with the patient. (Stone, 2017) [full citation needed] Depression is a major problem globally, affecting an estimated 4.4 percent of the world population in 2017, roughly equivalent to 300 million people. [46]