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The HIV trans-activation response (TAR) element is an RNA element which is known to be required for the trans-activation of the viral promoter and for virus replication. The TAR hairpin is a dynamic structure [ 1 ] that acts as a binding site for the Tat protein , and this interaction stimulates the activity of the long terminal repeat promoter.
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There are two Tat binding sites on each transcription elongation complex; one is located on TAR RNA and the other one on RNA polymerase II near the exit site for nascent mRNA transcripts, which suggests the involvement of two Tat molecules in facilitating one round of HIV-1 mRNA synthesis. [9]
Six human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) – hTAAR1, hTAAR2, hTAAR5, hTAAR6, hTAAR8, and hTAAR9 – have been identified and partially characterized. The table below contains summary information from literature reviews, pharmacology databases, and supplementary primary research articles on the expression profiles, signal transduction mechanisms, ligands, and physiological functions ...
The IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), Climate Change 2001, is an assessment of available scientific and socio-economic information on climate change by the IPCC. Statements of the IPCC or information from the TAR were often used as a reference showing a scientific consensus on the subject of global warming .
One can produce a tar-like substance from corn stalks by heating them in a microwave oven. This process is known as pyrolysis. Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat. [1]