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A quantum theory of gravity is needed in order to reconcile general relativity with the principles of quantum mechanics, but difficulties arise when one attempts to apply the usual prescriptions of quantum theory to the force of gravity. [2] String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions.
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory.It was introduced by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe in 1976, [1] [2] and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov after he made use of it in quantizing the string in 1981. [3]
This is how Gabriele Veneziano and many others constructed string theory, which remains the only theory constructed from general consistency conditions and mild assumptions on the spectrum. Many in the bootstrap community believed that field theory, which was plagued by problems of definition, was fundamentally inconsistent at high energies.
These parameters can be adjusted so that calculations give adequate results. In string theory, this is unnecessary since the behaviour of the strings is presumed to be known to every scale. Fermions: in the bosonic string, a string can be described as an elastic one-dimensional object (i.e. a line) "living" in spacetime. In superstring theory ...
In 1974, Joël Scherk and John Schwarz suggested that string theory was therefore not a theory of nuclear physics as many theorists had thought but instead a theory of quantum gravity. [53] At the same time, it was realized that hadrons are actually made of quarks, and the string theory approach was abandoned in favor of quantum chromodynamics.
For several years he was one of the very few physicists who pursued string theory as a viable theory of quantum gravity. His work with Michael Green on anomaly cancellation in Type I string theories led to the so-called " first superstring revolution " of 1984, which greatly contributed to moving string theory into the mainstream of research in ...
According to superstring theory, or more generally string theory, the fundamental constituents of reality are strings with radius on the order of the Planck length (about 10 −33 cm). An appealing feature of string theory is that fundamental particles can be viewed as excitations of the string.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... move to sidebar hide. Help. Books about String theory, in whole or in part Pages in category "String theory ...