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This is a timeline of science fiction as a literary tradition. While the date of the start of science fiction is debated, this list includes a range of ancient, medieval, and Renaissance-era precursors and proto-science fiction as well, as long as these examples include typical science fiction themes and topoi such as travel to outer space and encounter with alien life-forms.
Alternate history science fiction—fiction set in a world in which history has diverged from history as it is generally known; Comic science fiction; Science fiction erotica; Adventure science fiction—science fiction adventure is similar to many genres; Gothic science fiction—a subgenre of science fiction that involves gothic conventions
Several stories within the One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights, 8th–10th centuries CE) also feature science fiction elements.One example is "The Adventures of Bulukiya", where the protagonist Bulukiya's quest for the herb of immortality leads him to explore the seas, journey to the Garden of Eden and to Jahannam (Islamic hell), and travel across the cosmos to different worlds much ...
The list includes technologies that were first posited in non-fiction works before their appearance in science fiction and subsequent invention, such as ion thruster. To avoid repetitions, the list excludes film adaptations of prior literature containing the same predictions, such as " The Minority Report ".
Science fiction (sometimes shortened to sci-fi or abbreviated SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.
Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia is a 2021 reference work written by science fiction scholar Gary Westfahl and published by ABC-Clio/Greenwood.The book contains eight essays on the history of science fiction, eleven thematic essays on how different topics relate to science fiction, and 250 entries on various science fiction subgenres, authors, works, and motifs.
Several fictional universes exist in science fiction that serve as backstage for novels, short stories, motion pictures and games. This list includes: The Æon Flux universe by Peter Chung; The Alien Nation universe by Rockne S. O'Bannon; The Alliance-Union universe by C. J. Cherryh; The Avatar Universe by James Cameron
Many of the most enduring science fiction tropes were established in Golden Age literature. Space opera came to prominence with the works of E. E. "Doc" Smith; Isaac Asimov established the canonical Three Laws of Robotics beginning with the 1941 short story "Runaround"; the same period saw the writing of genre classics such as the Asimov's Foundation and Smith's Lensman series.