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In a military context, the chain of command is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed within a military unit and between different units. In simpler terms, the chain of command is the succession of leaders through which command is exercised and executed.
The chain of command leads from the president (as commander-in-chief) through the secretary of defense down to the newest recruits. [2] [3] The United States Armed Forces are organized through the United States Department of Defense, which oversees a complex structure of joint command and control functions with many units reporting to various commanding officers.
Historically, an order of battle was the order in which troops were positioned relative to the position of the army commander or the chronological order in which ships were deployed in naval situations. As combat operations develop during a campaign, orders of battle may be revised and altered in response to the military needs and challenges.
Communist states have, on several occasions, abolished the use of ranks (e.g., the Soviet Red Army 1918–1935, [9] the Chinese People's Liberation Army 1965–1988, [10] and the Albanian People's Army 1966–1991 [11]), but they have had to re-establish them after encountering operational difficulties in command and control.
An officer of the Presidential Guard of Zimbabwe giving military commands during a parade. A military command or order is a binding instruction given by a senior rank to a junior rank in a military context. Not all senior ranks in all military forces have the right to give an order to all lower ranks. [1]
Separation typically occurs when someone reaches the date of their Expiration of Term of Service and are released from active duty, but still must complete their military reserve obligations. Upon separation, they receive Department of Defense Form 214, Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty (DD 214), which verifies their military ...
Up until 2017, Second Army was a direct reporting unit to the Army CIO/G-6, with the CIO reporting to the Secretary of the Army, while the G-6 reports to the Army Chief of Staff. A 2017 reorganization eliminated the need for Second Army's network operations coordinating function, and the headquarters was inactivated on 31 March 2017. [ 10 ]
Article II Section 2 of the Constitution designates the President as "Commander in Chief" of the Army, Navy and state militias. [2] The President exercises this supreme command authority through the civilian Secretary of Defense, who by federal law is the head of the department, has authority direction, and control over the Department of Defense, and is the principal assistant to the President ...