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The cost-of-living index was 41 in June 1922 and 685 in December, a nearly 17-fold increase. [13] After Germany failed for the thirty-fourth time in thirty-six months to pay an instalment of in-kind reparations of coal, in January 1923 French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr valley, Germany's main industrial region. 900 million gold marks ...
Events in the year 1919 in Germany. Incumbents. National level President ... (died 1945) 22 September – Franz Peter Wirth, German film director (died 1999)
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century (U of California Press, 2020). Henderson, William O. The State and the Industrial Revolution in Prussia, 1740-1870 (1958) Holborn, Hajo. A History of Modern Germany (3 vol 1959–64); vol 1: The Reformation; vol 2: 1648–1840; vol 3. 1840–1945; James, Harold.
4 October: Germany asks U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to mediate an armistice based on his Fourteen Points peace proposals. [2] 23 October: In a diplomatic note, President Wilson implies that in order for an armistice to be negotiated, Emperor Wilhelm II must be stripped of power and Germany become more democratic. [3]
In the first months of 1919, there were additional armed revolts in parts of Germany that culminated in the Berlin March Battles. The overall cause was continued worker disappointment that the revolution had not achieved the goals they had hoped for in November 1918: nationalisation of key industries, recognition of the workers' and soldiers ...
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany: In response to a 10 percent increase in work quotas, between 60 and 80 construction workers went on strike in East Berlin. Their numbers quickly swelled and a general strike and protests were called for the next day. 17 June
In his last will in April 1945, Hitler named Karl Dönitz president, thus briefly reviving the presidential office until just after the German surrender in May 1945. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany established the office of Federal President (Bundespräsident), which is a chiefly ceremonial post largely devoid of political power.
Reliant on receiving payments of war debts from Germany to stimulate economic growth after the onset of the great depression, the British economy suffered when the United States nullified these reparation payments. Britain, along with France, demanded that Germany pay these debts, despite the country being on the verge of a financial collapse.