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Allotransplant (allo-meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. [1] The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
An allograft contains many of the beneficial characteristics of nerve autograft, such as three-dimensional microstructural scaffolding and protein components inherent to nerve tissue. [3] One of the adverse effects of nerve allotransplantation is the immunogenic response.
The pathway involved in specific cases is dictated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors of allograft and directly influence nature and magnitude of T lymphocytes mediated immune response. Furthermore, variant tissues and organs such as skin or cornea or solid organ transplants can be recognized in different pathways and therefore are rejected in ...
[2] The practice of tissue transplantation dates back to 1600 BC and has undergone vast advancements since then. The four main types of tissue transplantation are xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, isotransplantation and autotransplantation, while the common tissues transplanted include skin, bone, corneal and vessel grafts.
A syngeneic graft is known as an isograft. [2] Related terms include: [citation needed] autogeneic, referring to autotransplantation, also termed autograft, (from one part of the body to another in the same person) allogeneic, referring to allotransplantation or an allograft (from other individual of same species).
The bone may be autologous, typically harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvis, or banked bone/allograft. [2] Vascular grafting – the use of transplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures. Ligament grafting repair – as with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.
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Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens.Two major types of alloantigens are blood group antigens [1] and histocompatibility antigens.