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In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's circulation theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1869) states: [1][2] In a barotropic, ideal fluid with conservative body forces, the circulation around a closed curve (which encloses the same fluid elements) moving with the fluid remains constant with time. Stated mathematically:
The original form of the Kelvin equation, published in 1871, is: [1] where: = vapor pressure at a curved interface of radius. = vapor pressure at flat interface ( ) =. = surface tension. = density of vapor. = density of liquid. , = radii of curvature along the principal sections of the curved interface. This may be written in the following form ...
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Comparison of temperature scales. * Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.
The 19th century British scientist Lord Kelvin first developed and proposed the scale. [5] It was often called the "absolute Celsius" scale in the early 20th century. [6] The kelvin was formally added to the International System of Units in 1954, defining 273.16 K to be the triple point of water.
Kelvin and his brother James Thomson confirmed the relation experimentally in 1849–50, and it was historically important as a very early successful application of theoretical thermodynamics. [5] Its relevance to meteorology and climatology is the increase of the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere by about 7% for every 1 °C (1.8 °F ...
Scale of temperature. Appearance. Scale of temperature is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology. Empirical scales measure temperature in relation to convenient and stable parameters or reference points, such as the freezing and boiling point of water. Absolute temperature is based on thermodynamic ...
A unit increment of one kelvin is exactly 1.8 times one degree Rankine; thus, to convert a specific temperature on the Kelvin scale to the Rankine scale, x K = 1.8 x °R, and to convert from a temperature on the Rankine scale to the Kelvin scale, x °R = x /1.8 K. Consequently, absolute zero is "0" for both scales, but the melting point of ...