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The shape of effusive lava flows is governed by the type of lava (i.e. composition), rate and duration of eruption, and topography of the surrounding landscape. [ 3 ] For an effusive eruption to occur, magma must be permeable enough to allow the expulsion of gas bubbles contained within it.
The two main types of lava field structures are defined as sheet flow lava and pillow lava. Sheet flow lava appears like a wrinkled or folded sheet, while pillow lava is bulbous, and often looks like a pile of pillows atop one another. [2] An important aspect of lava flow morphology is a phenomenon known as lava flow inflation. This occurs in ...
The Greenstone Flow is one of the world's largest known lava flows, estimated at a volume ~1650 to ~6000 cubic kilometers of mafic lava. [2] [3] In places, the lava pooled to depth of 487 meters. [4] The flow was generated by a flood basalt eruption during the Midcontinental Rift, which occurred 1.1 billion years ago. [5]
Name Elevation Location Last eruption meters feet Coordinates; Malumalu: Last 8,000 years Ta‘u-931: 3054: 30,000 years ago [15]: Ofu-Olosega: 639: 2096: 1866 unnamed submarine cone eruption
The lowest Chao I flow covers an area of 52 square kilometres (20 sq mi). [2] The Chao III flow has a smaller volume of 2 cubic kilometres (0.48 cu mi) than Chao I and II. It has less ogives than Chao I and II and forms a single lobe, 150 metres (490 ft) high. The flow overlies the pumice cone and parts of the Chao II on its eastern side.
Time lapse video and photos of the March 27, 2009, eruption, taken from Ninilchik Archived June 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine BBC page with footage and links to other pages on the volcano Large-format photo essay of the Mount Redoubt eruption from "The Big Picture" blog on Boston.com.
Because dacite is the main type of lava erupted from Mount Garibaldi, lava flows are a low to moderate hazard. [3] Dacite is felsic [ d ] in composition, containing 62–69% silica content. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] This high percentage in silica content increases the viscosity of dacitic melts relative to that of andesite or basalt , generally resulting ...
The main summit of the volcano is a lava dome called Pico Laco, which is variously reported to be 5,325 metres (17,470 ft) or 5,472 metres (17,953 ft) high. The edifice has been affected by glaciation, and some reports indicate that it is still fumarolically active. The volcano is known for its magnetite-containing lava flows of enigmatic origin.