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Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [ 1 ]
The fact that Terson's illness mostly affects the brain and eyes highlights the intimate relationship between intracranial pressure and ocular structures. Intraocular bleeding, which can happen in the retina, subhyaloid space (beyond the vitreous membrane), or vitreous body, is the main cause of ocular involvement.
A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata ).
If these liquid pockets are close enough to the interface between the vitreous gel and the retina, they can cause complete separation of the vitreous from the retina in a normally occurring process in older humans called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). PVD in of itself is not dangerous and a natural process. [citation needed]
Long term vitreous traction (stretching) of the retina is thought to be what is associated with the increased risk of tears to the retina or retinal detachment. [1] Under a microscope looking at the histology of a cystic retinal tuft, an increase in glial cells , breaking down of the outer retina, and a loss in photoreceptor cells is often ...
Comma sign: Comma shaped vessels in the bulbar conjunctiva is due to vascular occlusion of conjunctival vessels. [10] Vitreoretinal traction or retinal detachment cause flashes, floaters or dark shadows. [10] Sudden loss of vision may occur due to retinal artery occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, fluid from the vitreous humor enters a retinal hole. The mechanisms by which retinal holes or tears form are not fully understood yet. The accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and the tractional force of the vitreous on the retina result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Macular hole on the right eye Classification of Vitreomacular Adhesion, Traction, and Macular Hole (IVTS 2013). Macular degeneration is a condition affecting the tissues lying under the retina, while a macular hole involves damage from within the eye, at the junction between the vitreous and the retina itself.