Ad
related to: example of counterexample in geometry calculator math papa 1 2 6 8 douay rheims
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In logic a counterexample disproves the generalization, and does so rigorously in the fields of mathematics and philosophy. [1] For example, the fact that "student John Smith is not lazy" is a counterexample to the generalization "students are lazy", and both a counterexample to, and disproof of, the universal quantification "all students are ...
The assumption that if there is a counterexample, there is a minimal counterexample, is based on a well-ordering of some kind. The usual ordering on the natural numbers is clearly possible, by the most usual formulation of mathematical induction; but the scope of the method can include well-ordered induction of any kind.
Then E. T. Parker found a counterexample of order 10 using a one-hour computer search. Finally Parker, Bose, and Shrikhande showed this conjecture to be false for all n ≥ 10. In 1798 A. M. Legendre claimed that 6 is not the sum of 2 rational cubes, [9] which as Lamé pointed out in 1865 is false as 6 = (37/21) 3 + (17/21) 3.
For instance, an example of a first-countable space which is not second-countable is counterexample #3, the discrete topology on an uncountable set. This particular counterexample shows that second-countability does not follow from first-countability. Several other "Counterexamples in ..." books and papers have followed, with similar motivations.
One famous counterexample in topology is the Alexander horned sphere, showing that topologically embedding the sphere S 2 in R 3 may fail to separate the space cleanly. As a counterexample, it motivated mathematicians to define the tameness property, which suppresses the kind of wild behavior exhibited by the horned sphere, wild knot , and ...
One of the widely used types of impossibility proof is proof by contradiction.In this type of proof, it is shown that if a proposition, such as a solution to a particular class of equations, is assumed to hold, then via deduction two mutually contradictory things can be shown to hold, such as a number being both even and odd or both negative and positive.
Charles Akemann and Nik Weaver showed in 2003 that the statement "there exists a counterexample to Naimark's problem which is generated by ℵ 1, elements" is independent of ZFC. Miroslav Bačák and Petr Hájek proved in 2008 that the statement "every Asplund space of density character ω 1 has a renorming with the Mazur intersection property ...
In even dimensions it is known that the smooth Poincaré conjecture is true in dimensions 2, 6, 12 and 56. This results from the construction of the exotic spheres , manifolds that are homeomorphic, but not diffeomorphic, to the standard sphere, which can be interpreted as non-standard smooth structures on the standard (topological) sphere.
Ad
related to: example of counterexample in geometry calculator math papa 1 2 6 8 douay rheims