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A stem cell possesses two properties: . Self-renewal is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while still maintaining its undifferentiated state. Stem cells can replicate several times and can result in the formation of two stem cells, one stem cell more differentiated than the other, or two differentiated cells.
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. [1] As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [2] [3] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
Pluripotent adult stem cells are rare and generally small in number, but they can be found in umbilical cord blood and other tissues. [48] Bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells, [49] which have been used in treating several conditions including liver cirrhosis, [50] chronic limb ischemia [51] and endstage heart failure. [52]
In mesenchymal stem cell therapy, most of the cells are extracted from the adult patient's bone marrow [2] [3] Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained via a procedure called bone marrow aspiration. A needle is inserted into the back of the patients hip bone and cells are removed to be grown under controlled in vitro conditions in a lab.
Adult stem cells were extracted from the patient's bone marrow, grown into a large population, and matured into cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, using an adaptive method originally devised for treating osteoarthritis. The team then seeded the newly grown chondrocytes, as well as epithelial cells, into a decellularised (free of donor cells ...
Stem cells, as a concept, originated as a theory in the 19th century to potentially allow certain tissues to self-renew. There are five types of stem cells, and MSC's are multi-potent, meaning they are cells that have the ability to develop into more than one type of specialized cell. Mesenchymal stem cells were originally discovered and ...
A stem cell line is a group of stem cells that is cultured in vitro and can be propagated indefinitely. Stem cell lines are derived from either animal or human tissues and come from one of three sources: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. They are commonly used in research and regenerative medicine.
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), also called "Peripheral stem cell support", [1] is a method of replacing blood-forming stem cells.Stem cells can be destroyed through cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, as well as any blood-related diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. [2]
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