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Some deposits result from high content of magnesium chloride in the primordial ocean. [3] Some magnesium chloride is made from evaporation of seawater. In the Dow process, magnesium chloride is regenerated from magnesium hydroxide using hydrochloric acid: Mg(OH) 2 + 2 HCl → MgCl 2 + 2 H 2 O
Electrolysis of the resulting molten magnesium chloride is conducted at 700 °C (1,292 °F): [6] MgCl 2 → Mg + Cl 2. Aluminium metal is produced from aluminium oxides by electrolysis of a molten mixture of sodium hexafluoroaluminate and alumina at 950 °C (1,740 °F). This conversion is called the Hall-Haroult process. [7]
The Dow process may refer to: Dow process (bromine), a method of bromine extraction from brine; Dow process (magnesium), a method of magnesium extraction from brine; Dow process (phenol), a method of phenol production through the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene
Vapor-deposited magnesium crystals from the Pidgeon process. The Pidgeon process is a practical method for smelting magnesium.The most common method involves the raw material, dolomite being fed into an externally heated reduction tank and then thermally reduced to metallic magnesium using 75% ferrosilicon as a reducing agent in a vacuum. [1]
Magnesium salts are included in various foods, fertilizers (magnesium is a component of chlorophyll), and microbe culture media. Magnesium sulfite is used in the manufacture of paper (sulfite process). Magnesium phosphate is used to fireproof wood used in construction. Magnesium hexafluorosilicate is used for moth-proofing textiles.
The magnesium chloride can be obtained using the Dow process, a process that mixes sea water and dolomite in a flocculator or by dehydration of magnesium chloride brines. The electrolytic cells are partially submerged in a molten salt electrolyte to which the produced magnesium chloride is added in concentrations between 6–18%. [44]
The first commercial production of magnesium from seawater was recorded in 1923, when some solar salt plants around San Francisco Bay, California, extracted magnesium from the bitterns left after salt precipitation. The Dow Chemical Company began producing magnesium on a small scale in 1916, from deep subsurface brine in the Michigan Basin. In ...
Bittern (pl. bitterns), or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite (table salt) precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions. [2] [3] Bittern is commonly formed in salt ponds where the evaporation of water prompts the precipitation of ...