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Berberis thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, Thunberg's barberry, or red barberry, [1] is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family Berberidaceae, native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and North America, where it has become a problematic invasive in many places, leading to declines in species diversity, increased tick habitat, and soil changes.
The best-known Berberis species is the European barberry, Berberis vulgaris, which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves. [3] [4]
The APG IV system of 2016 recognises the family and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots. [2]In some older treatments of the family, Berberidaceae only included four genera (Berberis, Epimedium, Mahonia, Vancouveria), with the other genera treated in separate families, Leonticaceae (Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Gymnospermium, Leontice), Nandinaceae (Nandina), and ...
Mahonia species bear pinnate leaves 10–50 cm (3.9–19.7 in) long with 3 to 15 leaflets, and flowers in racemes which are 5–20 cm (2.0–7.9 in) long. Several species are popular garden shrubs, grown for their ornamental, often spiny, evergreen foliage, yellow (or rarely red) flowers in autumn, winter and early spring, and blue-black berries .
The leaves are several centimeters long and are made up of several holly-leaf-shaped leaflets, each most often 1–2.6 centimeters long and edged with spiny teeth. [2] The leaves are purplish when new, green when mature, and greenish blue when aged. The abundant inflorescences each bear 8 to 12 bright yellow flowers, blooming in the spring. [2]
It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2 m (7 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) wide. [4] The foliage is pinnate, glossy dark green above, paler beneath, and sharply toothed.Each leaf usually has six to eight pairs of leaflets together with a single terminal leaflet.
Elaeocarpus decipiens, commonly known as Japanese blueberry tree, [2] is a species of flowering tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae.It has red, brown, and green leaves that are typically egg-shaped, 5-petaled flowers ranging in color from cream to light pink, and small drupe fruit.
Berberis darwinii has dense branches from ground level. The leaves are small oval, 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) broad, with a spiny margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 2–4 mm long.