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Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy.Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, intellectual disability, deafness, small head size, and malformed bones, cartilage, and joints.
Much of this can be attributed to the health of the mother during pregnancy. One third of babies born with a low birth weight are also small for gestational age. Infants that are born at low birth weights are at risk of developing neonatal infection. [citation needed]
Fosfomycin was discovered in 1969 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1996 [globalize] [8] [10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [11] The World Health Organization classifies fosfomycin as critically important for human medicine. [12] It is available as a generic medication. [13]
“Gravidity” is an important component of a patient’s reproductive history, as it provides insight into the risk factors that the patient has for pregnancy outcomes, such as risk for gestational diabetes, pre-ecclampsia, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and more. [5]
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE), previously known as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (neonatal HIE or NHIE), is defined as a encephalopathy syndrome with signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function, in the first few days of life in an infant born after 35 weeks of gestation.
Another risk factor is premature birth in which medical intervention, such as premature birth prevention or C-section delivery, can be used as prevention for intrauterine hypoxia. [ 37 ] Studies have shown a connection between tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) deficiency and hypoxia-ischemia brain injury, though further studies need to be done. [ 38 ]
"Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence in a Dichorionic Twin Pregnancy Leading to Severe Cerebral Injury in the Recipient". Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 48 (4). S. Karger AG: 321– 326. doi: 10.1159/000514408. hdl: 1887/3277471. ISSN 1015-3837. PMID 33774643.
Moxifloxacin was patented in 1988 and approved for use in the United States in 1999. [7] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9] In 2022, it was the 273rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions. [10] [11]