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The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 accessions of rice and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world. [25] [26] The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) was created by IRRI in 1975 as the International Rice Testing Program IRTP. [27]
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Conventional plant breeding of resistant varieties has been limited by challenges such as rearing insect pests for testing, and the great diversity and continuous evolution of pests. Resistance genes are being sought from wild species of rice, and genetic engineering techniques are being applied. [87]
Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified (also called genetic engineering). Rice plants have been modified to increase micronutrients such as vitamin A , accelerate photosynthesis , tolerate herbicides, resist pests, increase grain size, generate nutrients, flavors or produce human proteins.
Hybrid Rice. Hybrid rice is a type of Asian rice that has been crossbred from two very different parent varieties. [1] As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays heterosis or "hybrid vigor", so when grown under the same conditions as comparable purebred rice varieties, it can produce up to 30% more yield. [2]
Oryza glaberrima, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. [1] It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago. [2] [3] In agriculture, it has largely been replaced by higher-yielding Asian rice (), [2] and the number of varieties grown is declining. [1]
The future of rice production in China is one that encapsulates elite germaplasm, genetic diversity, and the super rice breeding programs to promote tolerance to the current challenges. The future prospects of integrated rice cultivation systems are to be further developed in assistance of current agricultural systems and databases to manage ...
Upland rice is being partially replaced by other crops, such as maize. On the other hand, the landraces are gradually disappearing from farmers' fields. Diversity of upland rice can be maintained while, at the same time, levels of production can be increased using participatory techniques.