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The hot comb was an invention developed in France as a way for women with coarse curly hair to achieve a fine straight look traditionally modeled by historical Egyptian women. [44] However, it was Annie Malone who first patented this tool, while her protégé and former worker, Madam C. J. Walker, widened the teeth. [45]
It is believed by historians that she likely made major contributions to her husband's work. [84] 1854–1855: Florence Nightingale organized care for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. She was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing.
African American have been the victims of oppression, discrimination and persecution throughout American history, with an impact on African-American innovation according to a 2014 study by economist Lisa D. Cook, which linked violence towards African Americans and lack of legal protections over the period from 1870 to 1940 with lowered innovation. [1]
Mar. 2—It may seem like a recent trend for more women to be entering STEM fields, but women have a long history of contributing to innovations in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Women inventors have been historically rare in some geographic regions. For example, in the UK, only 33 of 4090 patents (less than 1%) issued between 1617 and 1816 named a female inventor. [1] In the US, in 1954, only 1.5% of patents named a woman, compared with 10.9% in 2002. [1]
Ruth Wakefield of Whitman, Massachusetts, invented chocolate chips and chocolate chip cookies in 1930. Her new cookie invention was called the "Toll House Cookie" which used broken-up bars of semi-sweet chocolate. [236] 1930 Thermistor. A thermistor is a type of resistor with electrical resistance inversely proportional to its temperature.
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a regular pattern, which diffracts light into several beams. The first man-made diffraction grating was invented around 1785 in Philadelphia by David Rittenhouse who strung 50 hairs between two finely threaded screws with an approximate spacing of about 100 lines per inch. [28]
From the first Apple computer to the COVID-19 vaccine, here are the most revolutionary inventions that were born in the U.S.A. in the past half-century.