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Midwifery and obstetrics are different but overlap in medical practice that focuses on pregnancy and labor. Midwifery emphasizes the normality of pregnancy along with the reproductive process. Classical Antiquity saw the beginning of attempts to classify various areas of medical research, and the terms gynecology and obstetrics came into use.
In ancient Egypt, midwifery was a recognized female occupation, as attested by the Ebers Papyrus which dates from 1900 to 1550 BCE. Five columns of this papyrus deal with obstetrics and gynecology , especially concerning the acceleration of parturition (the action or process of giving birth to offspring) and the birth prognosis of the newborn.
Agnodice (Greek: Ἀγνοδίκη, pronounced [aŋnodíkɛː]; c. 4th century BCE) is a legendary figure said to be the first female midwife or physician in ancient Athens. Her story, originally told in the Fabulae (attributed to the Roman author Gaius Julius Hyginus ), has been used to illustrate issues surrounding women in medicine and ...
Tel Aviv: The Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University is a bi-annual peer-reviewed periodical that publishes articles on the archaeology and history of the Southern Levant. While the journal featurs articles dealing with periods ranging from prehistory to Late Antiquity, its primary focus is on the Bronze and Iron Ages. [71]
While women contributed to the advancement of Jewish medicine during this time, there were still a number of restrictions placed on them by society. No Jew, male or female, was permitted to attend a Christian university. This could be bypassed by taking an examination and acquiring a licentia curandi et practicandi, a license to practice ...
Medical literature is the scientific literature of medicine: articles in journals and texts in books devoted to the field of medicine. Many references to the medical literature include the health care literature generally, including that of dentistry , veterinary medicine , pharmacy , nursing , and the allied health professions .
Midwifery in the Middle Ages impacted women's work and health prior to the professionalization of medicine. During the Middle Ages in Western Europe, people relied on the medical knowledge of Roman and Greek philosophers, specifically Galen , Hippocrates , and Aristotle . [ 1 ]
In all three volumes, Bourgeois relies more on her own experience than on ancient texts—a relatively radical choice at a time when French medicine still often relied on the practices of ancient Greece and Rome as well as of medieval Europe. Her first volume includes innovative obstetrical protocols that, if followed correctly, could save lives.