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  2. Index of coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_coincidence

    The products n(n − 1) count the number of combinations of n elements taken two at a time. (Actually this counts each pair twice; the extra factors of 2 occur in both numerator and denominator of the formula and thus cancel out.) Each of the n i occurrences of the i-th letter matches each of the remaining n i − 1 occurrences of the same letter.

  3. List of price index formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas

    The Marshall-Edgeworth index, credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth (1925), [11] is a weighted relative of current period to base period sets of prices. This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period quantities for weighting. It is considered a pseudo-superlative formula and is symmetric. [12]

  4. Index-matching material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index-matching_material

    Typical oils used have an index of refraction around 1.515. [2] An oil immersion objective is an objective lens specially designed to be used in this way. The index of the oil is typically chosen to match the index of the microscope lens glass, and of the cover slip. For more details, see the main article, oil immersion.

  5. Google Sheets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Sheets

    Improvements based on DocVerse were announced and deployed in April 2010. [12] In June 2012, Google acquired Quickoffice , a freeware proprietary productivity suite for mobile devices. [ 13 ] In October 2012, Google Spreadsheets was renamed Google Sheets and a Google Chrome app was released that provided shortcuts to Sheets on Chrome's new tab ...

  6. Row- and column-major order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row-_and_column-major_order

    To use column-major order in a row-major environment, or vice versa, for whatever reason, one workaround is to assign non-conventional roles to the indexes (using the first index for the column and the second index for the row), and another is to bypass language syntax by explicitly computing positions in a one-dimensional array.

  7. Index of dispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_dispersion

    The relevance of the index of dispersion is that it has a value of 1 when the probability distribution of the number of occurrences in an interval is a Poisson distribution. Thus the measure can be used to assess whether observed data can be modeled using a Poisson process. When the coefficient of dispersion is less than 1, a dataset is said to ...

  8. Lookup table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table

    For a trivial hash function lookup, the unsigned raw data value is used directly as an index to a one-dimensional table to extract a result. For small ranges, this can be amongst the fastest lookup, even exceeding binary search speed with zero branches and executing in constant time .

  9. Bitmap index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitmap_index

    A bitmap index is a special kind of database index that uses bitmaps.. Bitmap indexes have traditionally been considered to work well for low-cardinality columns, which have a modest number of distinct values, either absolutely, or relative to the number of records that contain the data.