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The rotor head, pre-rotator shaft, and Subaru engine configuration on a VPM M-16 autogyro. An autogyro is characterized by a free-spinning rotor that turns because of the passage of air through the rotor from below. [6] [7] The downward component of the total aerodynamic reaction of the rotor gives lift to the vehicle, sustaining it in the air ...
Below, the helicopter rotor has lost power, and the craft is making an emergency landing. Autorotation is a state of flight in which the main rotor system of a helicopter or other rotary-wing aircraft turns by the action of air moving up through the rotor, as with an autogyro, rather than engine power driving the rotor.
While similar to a helicopter rotor in appearance, the autogyro's rotor must have air flowing up and through the rotor disk in order to generate rotation. Early autogyros resembled the fixed-wing aircraft of the day, with wings and a front-mounted engine and propeller in a tractor configuration to pull the aircraft through the air.
A small tail rotor is the most common configuration to counter this phenomenon. In a single-propeller plane, the torque effect causes the plane to turn upwards and left in response to the propeller turning the plane in the opposite direction of the propeller's clockwise spin.
Stored energy in the form of compressed air, nitrogen or natural gas enters the sealed motor chamber and exerts pressure against the vanes of a rotor. This causes the rotor to turn at high speed. Because the engine flywheel requires a great deal of torque to start the engine, reduction gears are used.
An early example of electromagnetic rotation was the first rotary machine built by Ányos Jedlik with electromagnets and a commutator, in 1826-27. [2] Other pioneers in the field of electricity include Hippolyte Pixii who built an alternating current generator in 1832, and William Ritchie's construction of an electromagnetic generator with four rotor coils, a commutator and brushes, also in 1832.
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The Hagmann valve has a rotor with three ports. The default path uses one port, which passes straight through the center of the rotor with almost no deflection of the air flow. When engaged, the rotor turns only 60° and uses the other two ports to deflect the air path approximately 45° through the top of the rotor and into the valve tubing.