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In a vector space, the additive inverse −v (often called the opposite vector of v) has the same magnitude as v and but the opposite direction. [11] In modular arithmetic, the modular additive inverse of x is the number a such that a + x ≡ 0 (mod n) and always exists. For example, the inverse of 3 modulo 11 is 8, as 3 + 8 ≡ 0 (mod 11). [12]
There are 4 different non-self-opposite rings out of the total number of 50 rings with unity [7] having 16 elements (37 [8] commutative and 13 [5] noncommutative). [6] They can be coupled in two pairs of rings opposite to each other in a pair, and necessarily with the same additive group, since an antiisomorphism of rings is an isomorphism of ...
Subtraction is an anticommutative operation because commuting the operands of a − b gives b − a = −(a − b); for example, 2 − 10 = −(10 − 2) = −8. Another prominent example of an anticommutative operation is the Lie bracket.
In mathematics, the concept of an inverse element generalises the concepts of opposite (−x) and reciprocal (1/x) of numbers.. Given an operation denoted here ∗, and an identity element denoted e, if x ∗ y = e, one says that x is a left inverse of y, and that y is a right inverse of x.
For example, if A is a central simple algebra over a local field or global field, then Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether showed that the index of A is equal to the period of A. [11] For a central simple algebra A over a field K of transcendence degree n over an algebraically closed field, it is conjectured that ind(A) divides per(A) n−1.
The map that sends x to x −1 is an example of a group antiautomorphism. Another important example is the transpose operation in linear algebra , which takes row vectors to column vectors . Any vector-matrix equation may be transposed to an equivalent equation where the order of the factors is reversed.
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