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reference for fundamental values and principles of universities, in particular including institutional autonomy and academic freedom The Magna Charta Universitatum (Great Charter of Universities) is a two-page document produced by the University of Bologna and the European Rectors' Conference (now called the European University Association) in ...
institutional autonomy; campus integrity; freedom of academic and cultural expression; As of 2023, Academic freedom overall around the world has been in retreat since 2013. [22] Causes cited have included authoritarianism [22] as well as political polarization [23] [24] and populism. [25]
But autonomy should be seen as a solution to self-determination struggles. Self-determination is a movement toward independence, whereas autonomy is a way to accommodate the distinct regions/groups within a country. Institutional autonomy can diffuse conflicts regarding minorities and ethnic groups in a society.
[1] [better source needed] [2] The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staffing autonomy. [ 1 ] The 1988 Magna Charta Universitatum defines the first fundamental principle of a university to be an "autonomous institution" whose "research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent ...
For example, Levitsky and Murillo stress the importance of institutional strength in their article "Variation in Institutional Strength." They suggest that in order for an institution to maintain strength and resistance there must be legitimacy within the different political regimes, variation in political power, and political autonomy within a ...
Free from all ties, unable to live united with Albania under these conditions, Northern Epirus proclaims its independence and calls on its citizens to make all necessary sacrifices to defend the integrity of its territory and its freedoms against all attacks, wherever they come from. [18] Epirote stamp bearing the national flag (1914).
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
The main governing bodies of the University of Pristina are the steering council and the Senate. The steering council has overall strategic responsibility for the effective institutional functioning of the university. The University Senate is the highest academic body of the university.