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Fetal macrosomia, maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with later obesity in childhood and adolescence. [7] As early as at age 6 years, children of women who were obese before they became pregnant had more often a cardiometabolic risk profile compared to children of normal-weight mothers. [8]
Maternal body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of childhood obesity. Mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity, as defined by BMI ≥30 kg/m 2, are known to have children that have higher growth rates and more likely to have obesity. [53]
Still, the adult obesity rate in the U.S. is 42.4% vs. 14% in China—though it’s expected to rise along with interest in fast food and with a more desk-bound culture due to technological advances.
The healthy BMI range varies with the age and sex of the child. Obesity in children and adolescents is defined as a BMI greater than the 95th percentile. [276] The reference data that these percentiles are based on is from 1963 to 1994 and thus has not been affected by the recent increases in rates of obesity. [277]
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Since conditions during pregnancy will have long-term effects on adult health, "moderation" should be considered for both dietary and physical activity recommendations. Most importantly, the total recommended pregnancy weight gain depends on pre-pregnant body weight, and weight issues should be addressed before pregnancy.
A systematic review on the incidence of childhood obesity, found that childhood obesity in the U.S. declines with age. [14] The age-and-sex related incidence of obesity was found to be "4.0% for infants 0–1.9 years, 4.0% for preschool-aged children 2.0–4.9 years, 3.2% for school-aged children 5.0–12.9 years, and 1.8% for adolescents 13.0 ...
More than 60,000 children in Gaza will need treatment for acute malnutrition in 2025, according to United Nations estimates from Jan. 22. ... can be associated with increased risk of ...