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The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB; Irish: Bráithreachas Phoblacht na hÉireann) was a secret oath-bound fraternal organisation dedicated to the establishment of an "independent democratic republic" in Ireland between 1858 and 1924. [1]
The oath was largely the work of Michael Collins, based in its open lines on a draft oath suggested by the President of the Republic, Éamon de Valera, and also on the oath of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. In fact, Collins cleared the oath with the IRB before proposing it during the treaty negotiations. [5]
James Stephens (Irish: Séamus Mac Stiofáin; [2] 26 January 1825 – 29 March 1901) was an Irish Republican, and the founding member of an originally unnamed revolutionary organisation in Dublin. This organisation, founded on 17 March 1858, was later to become known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood (I.R.B).
Disturbed, Stephens went ahead regardless, and that very evening the Irish Republican Brotherhood was established, in Peter Langan's timber-yard in Lombard Street. Luby's description of the event in a letter to John O'Leary in 1890 was that immediately after the return of Denieffe, "at once Stephens began organizing.
President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood; In office November 1920 – 22 August 1922 ... They succeeded in obtaining an oath to the Irish Free State, with a ...
In Manchester, in the Spring of 1864 Bell met Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa and swore the oath to the Irish Republican ["Fenian"] Brotherhood. Already, "thoroughly imbued with the radical separatism of the Fenians", he was the editor of the weekly the Irish Liberator, the paper of the IRB-aligned National Brotherhood of St Patrick. Fenians, who were ...
The oath was largely the work of Collins and based on three sources: British oaths in the dominions, the oath of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and a draft oath prepared by de Valera in his proposed treaty alternative, "Document No. 2".
Philip Gray (1821 – 28 February 1857) was an Irish republican, revolutionary and a member of the Irish Confederation.He took part in the Risings of 1848 and 1849 along with James Fintan Lalor and both James Stephens and John O'Mahony, who would go on to establish the Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland and the Fenian Brotherhood in the United States.