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One part per hundred thousand, per cent mille (pcm) or milli-percent denotes one part per 100,000 (10 5) parts, and a value of 10 −5. It is commonly used in epidemiology for mortality, crime and disease prevalence rates, and nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity.
The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille. [7] [4] The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN. [5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at U+0609 ؉ ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN.
Various ways of expressing fineness have been used and two remain in common use: millesimal fineness expressed in units of parts per 1,000 [1] and karats or carats used only for gold. Karats measure the parts per 24, so that 18 karat = 18 ⁄ 24 = 750 ‰ and 24 karat gold is considered 100% gold. [2]
Foraminifera samples. In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ 13 C (pronounced "delta thirteen c") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon— 13 C and 12 C—reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰). [1]
Both have the form ‰ (‰ = permil or parts per thousand) where s and a are the relative abundances of 15 N in respectively the sample and the atmosphere. The difference is whether the relative abundance is with respect to all the nitrogen, i.e. 14 N plus 15 N, or just to 14 N.
ISO 3696 (Water for analytical laboratory use) specifies a purity of ten parts per billion, or 10×10 −9 ― this water cannot be kept in glass or plastic containers as they leach impurities into the water, and glassware must be washed with hydrofluoric acid before use. Ten parts per billion is equivalent to a homeopathic dilution of 4C.
His wife Jacinda Barrett is on board, too. "She's not a whiskey drinker, but when I make a cocktail and she has a little taste, she's like, 'Oh, this is pretty good,'" he says.
The stable isotope compositions are expressed in terms of delta values (δ) in permil (‰), i.e. parts per thousand differences from a standard. They express the proportion of an isotope that is in a sample. The values are expressed as: δX = [(R sample / R standard) – 1] × 10 3