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Often, Black's c5-pawn is traded for White's d4-pawn in the early stages of the game, granting Black a central pawn majority. The pawn trade also opens the c-file for Black, who can place a rook or queen on that file to support the queenside counterplay. In many variations, White castles queenside to exploit attacking chances on the kingside at ...
The Modern Benoni is a chess opening that begins with the moves 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6.It is classified under the ECO codes A60–A79. After the initial moves, Black proceeds to capture on d5, creating a majority of black pawns on the queenside.
In the diagram, White has a protected passed pawn on c5 and Black has an outside passed pawn on h5. This position might appear roughly equal, because each side has a king and three pawns, and the positions of the kings are about equal.
Black's intention is to play ...exd5 and create a queenside pawn majority, whose advance will be supported by a fianchettoed bishop on g7. The combination of these two features differentiates Black's setup from the other Benoni defenses and the King's Indian Defense , although transpositions between these openings are common.
Themes for White: Outpost on e5, kingside space advantage, d4–d5 break, possibility of queenside majority in the endgame (typically after the exchange of White's d-pawn for Black's c-pawn). Themes for Black: Weakness of the d4-pawn, c6–c5 and e6–e5 breaks. The latter break is usually preferable, but harder for Black to achieve.
The Hedgehog is a pawn formation in chess adopted usually by Black that can arise from several openings. Black exchanges the pawn on c5 for White's pawn on d4, and then places pawns on the squares a6, b6, d6, and e6. These pawns form a row of "spines" behind which Black develops their forces.
e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. c3. White sacrifices a pawn to develop quickly and create attacking chances. In exchange for the gambit pawn, White has a piece developed after 4.Nxc3 and a pawn in the center, while Black has an extra pawn and a central pawn majority.
The French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves: . 1. e4 e6. This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5. Black usually plays ...c5 soon after, attacking White's pawn centre and gaining space on the queenside. [2]