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foot-and-mouth disease; mastitis; Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV) infection; orf, also known as contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, infectious labial dermatitis, thistle disease, sore mouth, or scabby mouth; ovine encephalomyelitis (louping ill) ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Electron micrograph of Bluetongue virus, scale bar = 50 nm. Bluetongue (BT) disease is a noncontagious, arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants, [1] primarily sheep and other domestic or wild ruminants, including cattle, yaks, [2] goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. [3]
The disease is endemic in the Indian subcontinent and is a major threat to fast-growing goat husbandry in India, causing an annual loss of around 1800 million Indian rupees. In North Africa, only Egypt was once hit, but since summer 2008, Morocco is suffering a generalized outbreak with 133 known cases in 129 provinces, mostly affecting sheep. [19]
Scrapie (/ ˈ s k r eɪ p i /) is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats. [1] It is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and as such it is thought to be caused by a prion. [2] [3] Scrapie has been known since at least 1732 and does not appear to be transmissible to humans.
Visna – Maedi is a chronic viral disease prevalent in adult sheep. The disease is rarely found in certain species of goat. Maedi Visna virus is also referred to as ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP). This disease corresponds to two clinical entities caused by the same virus. Maedi is a form that results in a chronic progressive pneumonia.
Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (Latin: gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species. It is seen in livestock all over the world, usually affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. It has been seen occasionally in farmed bison and deer. [1]
Separating goat kids from infected goats, and feeding the kids with cow's milk, or pasteurized goat milk, will prevent infection. [1] The disease can be spread from goat to goat via direct contact and body fluids, such as saliva. [5] Blood testing goats for CAE virus before moving them into a new herd will prevent the spread of the disease. [5]
The disease was initially known as jaagsiekte [jɑːχˈsiktə], a word derived from Afrikaans, meaning "chasing sickness", so called because animals are in respiratory distress as if they are out of breath from being chased. [6] It has also been known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine pulmonary carcinoma. [7]